AI in health-professions education
Custom AI teaching assistants, AI-supported item writing, automated SMART feedback, and the validity of AI-assisted assessment.

MV (DVM equivalent), PhD
Veterinarian, educator, and scientist.Curious by nature and driven by challenges.Helping to shape the next generation of excellent healthcare providers.
American Association of Veterinary Medical Colleges
Highly competitive national leadership program
Academy for Academic Leadership
AAVMC-sponsored tuition scholarship
Unless noted, offered by the WesternU Center for Excellence in Teaching and Learning.
Two terms as chair, after serving as vice-chair (2022–2023).
University-wide taskforce across 16 programs, a WSCUC accreditation requirement. Represented it at the WSCUC site visit (March 2026).
Coordinating the 2027 mid-cycle accreditation report for the College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific.
Prepared Standard 11 of the 2018 self-study, presented it to the 2019 site visit team, and prepared the annual interim reports (2019–2024).
Leading the migration of three online platforms into one learning management system.
Chaired twice; vice-chair 2022–2023.
2013 Zoetis Award for Veterinary Research Excellence
Custom AI teaching assistants, AI-supported item writing, automated SMART feedback, and the validity of AI-assisted assessment.
Programmatic assessment, curriculum mapping, accreditation reporting (AVMA COE, COCA, WSCUC), and analytics dashboards.
Bartonella, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, and other vector-borne pathogens; molecular diagnostics and next-generation sequencing; One Health.
Cardiac biomarkers, electrocardiography, and myocardial injury in infectious disease.
UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine
WesternU College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific & Heatherington College of Osteopathic Medicine
WesternU College of Veterinary Medicine
WesternU College of Veterinary Medicine
WesternU College of Veterinary Medicine
WesternU College of Veterinary Medicine
1994–2009 · 4 stages over 15 years
São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal (opens in a new tab), Brazil
São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal (opens in a new tab), Brazil
São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu (opens in a new tab), Brazil
Advisor: Denise S. Schwartz (opens in a new tab), DVM, MS, PhD
Myocardial injury in dogs infected with blood-borne pathogens
Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory (opens in a new tab), College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University (opens in a new tab)
Advisor: Edward B. Breitschwerdt (opens in a new tab), DVM, DACVIM
Nearly 4,700 hours teaching DVM students, 2009–2025
Connecting basic science with clinical reasoning and patient care, across Years 1–4 of the curriculum.
2024 Zoetis Distinguished Veterinary Teacher Award2018 Teaching Excellence Award, SAVMA Chapter, WesternU
Formal contact time was 4,695 hours (academic years 2009–2010 to 2024–2025). Writing cases and exams, grading, online resources, and advising come on top of that.
Facilitated a PBL group every year from 2009 to 2025. Authored, co-authored, or revised longitudinal cases, including “Mercy”, “Wolfe”, “Tootsie”, “Tin Man”, “Fernelo”, and “Fritz”.
The 3D heart and videos made for “Tin Man”Taught physical examination, cardiac auscultation, electrocardiography (ECG), and echocardiography across several years, so students revisit harder concepts as they progress. Ran ECG rounds and designed a canine auscultation model that syncs heart sounds with the ECG.
The ECGesy app and cardiology video channelGrand Rounds content expert in small animal internal medicine and cardiology, and cardiology presenter. Developed Grand Rounds Learning Issue Probes (GRIPs), Assessment of Critical Thinking exams, and NAVLE-style questions, and used the results to guide feedback and remediation.
Custom AIs for question writingTaught fourth-year Core Small Animal Internal Medicine (2009–2018), including as course leader, for students at distributed clinical sites. Built videoconference rounds, interactive polling, recorded case discussions, SOAP templates, and individualized feedback.
2019 Innovation Champion Award, WesternU College of Veterinary Medicine
Drafts multiple-choice questions for veterinary educators.
NAVLE-style practice questions with a rationale for every option.
Supports student self-evaluation and reflection in Year 4 of the DVM program.
Designs, reviews, aligns, and assesses institutional learning outcomes.
Feedback on exam item quality and help interpreting psychometrics.
Helps students and veterinarians interpret ECG traces from dogs and cats (provisional patent application, 2019).
Reconstructed heart used in the Tin Man PBL case.
Veterinary cardiology videos, including echocardiogram and angiogram reviews for the Tin Man PBL case.
Source: Google Scholar (opens in a new tab) · updated October 2026
Google Scholar (opens in a new tab)
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As the research mentor to the shelter medicine resident, I provided scientific leadership for this collaboration between Western University of Health Sciences and the San Diego Humane Society. I guided the study design and analytical strategy, performed the statistical analyses, and worked closely with the resident to ensure rigorous interpretation and presentation of the findings. I also generated the figures and tables and provided sustained mentorship and scientific oversight throughout manuscript development and revision through publication. I mentored Jonathan Chapman, Antoinette Piraino, and Kelly Min in this study.
This original study addressed a consequential question in shelter medicine: whether routine plasma supplementation meaningfully improves outcomes for highly vulnerable orphaned neonatal kittens. Using a large shelter cohort and rigorous survival analyses, it challenged the assumption that plasma supplementation should be routinely used to improve survival and instead identified growth and weight monitoring as more important predictors of outcome, while supporting a more targeted role for plasma in delaying diarrhea and weight loss. The findings provide an evidence based framework for neonatal care and resource allocation in animal shelters, with direct implications for prioritizing nutrition, early monitoring, and interventions most likely to improve kitten welfare and survival.
As Director of Outcomes Assessment, I collaborated closely with the first author in the development and validation of this instrument for evaluating veterinary clinical teaching. I contributed to the study design and conceptual framework, critically evaluated the construct validity approach and interpretation of the analytical findings, and applied my expertise in outcomes assessment to strengthen the scientific framing, conclusions, and manuscript through successive revisions.
This educational research addressed an important gap in veterinary medicine: the scarcity of validated instruments for evaluating the quality of clinical teaching and guiding faculty development. By adapting a well-established medical education framework to veterinary clinical training and rigorously examining its validity and reliability, the study provided an evidence-based approach for identifying educator strengths and opportunities for improvement while also defining appropriate limits for its use. As a recent publication, it provides a foundation for more rigorous assessment of clinical educators, targeted faculty development, and continued validation of teaching quality measures across veterinary education.
In this international collaboration with investigators at UNICAMP-Brazil, I contributed my expertise in molecular detection of Bartonella to the conceptual and methodological framework of the study and provided scientific supervision of the molecular diagnostic work. I helped guide the analytical strategy, interpretation of the comparative diagnostic findings, and development of the manuscript, strengthening the study from its design through publication. I provided research mentorship to Marina Drummond during this study.
This original study addressed a major obstacle in bartonellosis: the inability of any single molecular assay to reliably detect the low-level, intermittent bacteremia characteristic of Bartonella infection. By demonstrating that combining enrichment culture with multiple molecular targets substantially increased detection and revealed evidence of B. henselae in a surprisingly large proportion of asymptomatic blood donors, the study strengthened concerns about diagnostic false negatives and potential transfusion-associated risk. Cited 30 times, it has contributed to subsequent work on improved Bartonella diagnostics, blood safety, chronic infection, and One Health surveillance.
As first and corresponding author, I conceived and led this comprehensive update, defining its scope and framework to integrate the rapidly evolving clinical, diagnostic, epidemiologic, and One Health knowledge on ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in companion animals. I directed the synthesis of the literature, developed the comparative tables and visual framework, assembled clinical images from an international network of colleagues, and led the manuscript through all stages of preparation and publication.
This comprehensive review provided an updated clinical framework for ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis at a time when recognized pathogens, geographic distributions, and diagnostic options were rapidly expanding. By integrating global epidemiology with practical guidance on diagnosis, treatment, antimicrobial stewardship, zoonotic implications, and prevention, it helped translate a complex and evolving literature into actionable guidance for companion animal practice and One Health surveillance. Cited 52 times, it has become an influential contemporary reference for subsequent work on canine and feline tick-borne diseases, emerging Ehrlichia and Anaplasma infections, diagnostics, epidemiology, and prevention.
As senior and corresponding author, I conceived and directed this research program, secured funding, and built and mentored the multidisciplinary team that developed and validated a new sequencing-based approach to vector-borne disease diagnostics. I provided the scientific vision and oversight that integrated molecular diagnostics with bioinformatics into a reproducible workflow, guiding the study from experimental design and quality assurance through interpretation, presentation, and publication. I mentored Elton Vasconcelos, Chayan Roy, Joseph Geiger, Kristina Oney, Melody Koo, and Songyang Ren in this study.
This methodology study helped advance veterinary vector-borne disease diagnostics beyond pathogen-specific PCR by providing the first freely available, detailed 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing workflow designed specifically for veterinary applications. It provided an accessible foundation for broader, discovery-oriented detection of known and emerging infectious agents. Cited 6 times, the work has contributed to subsequent development of sequencing-based diagnostics, metabarcoding, and improved molecular detection strategies for canine vector-borne pathogens.
As senior and corresponding author, I conceived and directed this study, secured the funding that supported the research program, and built and mentored the team responsible for its execution. I provided the scientific leadership connecting molecular diagnostics, next-generation sequencing, and bioinformatics, overseeing the study from experimental strategy and quality standards through interpretation and manuscript development to publication. I mentored Kristina Oney, Melody Koo, Chayan Roy, Songyang Ren, and Elton Vasconcelos in this study.
This original study addressed an important barrier in molecular diagnostics: whether reducing abundant host DNA before extraction could improve detection of low-level vector-borne infections. As the first side-by-side evaluation of this enrichment strategy in blood from naturally infected dogs, it showed that substantial host DNA depletion did not translate into improved pathogen detection, providing important evidence against adding a costly and labor-intensive step to routine diagnostic workflows and directing research toward more effective enrichment approaches. Cited 6 times, the study has contributed to subsequent work on advanced molecular and sequencing-based strategies for improving detection of canine vector-borne pathogens.
I was invited to contribute my expertise in bioinformatics and molecular data interpretation to this collaborative study. I helped shape the study design, mentored the postdoctoral researcher, Elton Vasconcelos, and provided scientific oversight of the analytical strategy, interpretation, and presentation of the transcriptomic findings, while contributing to manuscript refinement through publication.
This original study advanced understanding of feline coronavirus pathogenesis by demonstrating that epithelial cells permissive for viral replication and primary macrophages implicated in FIP respond to infection through fundamentally different transcriptional programs. By linking these divergent host responses to the distinct biological roles of the two cell types, it provided a framework for investigating early virus–host interactions and for critically evaluating cellular models used to study FIP. Cited 6 times, the work has continued to inform research on feline coronavirus pathogenesis, host responses, and the molecular characterization of feline cell models.
I contributed to the conceptual direction of this collaborative study and mentored the postdoctoral researcher, Elton Vasconcelos. Drawing on my experience in molecular diagnostics and bioinformatics, I provided scientific guidance on the analytical strategy and interpretation of the transcriptomic data, and helped strengthen the presentation of the findings and manuscript through publication.
This original study provided the first transcriptomic characterization of primary feline macrophages experimentally exposed to feline coronavirus, addressing a central unresolved question in FIP pathogenesis: how these critical immune cells respond to infection. By revealing marked individual variation and evidence that viral uptake can alter macrophage immune responses without substantial viral replication, it helped shift the field toward understanding host susceptibility and immune dysregulation as key components of disease development. Cited 13 times, the study supports research on FIP immunopathogenesis, coronavirus-induced immune signaling and apoptosis, and emerging molecular approaches to understanding host responses in feline coronavirus infection.
As senior author, I mentored the resident, Natalie James, throughout the study and provided scientific oversight from study design and data acquisition through interpretation and publication. I led the statistical analysis and synthesis of the results, developed the tables and figures, and guided the first author in drafting and strengthening the manuscript through all stages of revision.
This original study provided the first large clinical characterization of accidental duloxetine ingestion in dogs, addressing an emerging toxicologic risk created by the widespread use of psychiatric medications in human households. By defining the spectrum of clinical effects and demonstrating an association between ingested dose and the likelihood and severity of adverse signs, it provided veterinarians with practical evidence for risk assessment, recognition of serotonin toxicity, monitoring, and supportive care following exposure. Cited 4 times, the study has contributed to subsequent veterinary pharmacology and neurotoxicology literature addressing antidepressant and serotonergic drug exposures in companion animals.
In this collaboration with investigators at UNICAMP-Brazil, I provided expert oversight of the study design, molecular methods, and quality control measures. I helped validate the diagnostic findings, and expanded the Results and Discussion based on my experience with the limitations of Bartonella detection. I mentored Marina Drummond during this study.
This clinical report highlighted a fundamental challenge in bartonellosis: serious infection can remain undetected despite conventional serology, blood PCR, and routine culture, delaying appropriate diagnosis and treatment. The fatal case demonstrated the value of combining enrichment culture with more sensitive molecular approaches and helped reinforce the need for improved diagnostic strategies and greater clinical awareness of Bartonella infection. Cited 12 times, the report has contributed to subsequent work refining molecular detection of Bartonella and addressing false negative results in both veterinary and human medicine.
As senior author and co-corresponding author, I led this collaboration among my laboratory at WesternU, the California Department of Public Health, and USDA Agricultural Research Service investigators. I secured funds and oversaw the study design, laboratory and computational analyses, interpretation and presentation of the microbiome and pathogen data, mentorship of the research team, and development and revision of the manuscript through publication. I mentored the postdoc Elton Vasconcelos and vet student Lindsey Jett in this study.
This original study provided the first large-scale microbiome analysis of California cat fleas and broadened surveillance beyond targeted pathogen testing to characterize their entire bacterial community. It identified Wolbachia, Rickettsia, and Bartonella as the dominant genera, demonstrated 95% agreement between 16S next-generation sequencing and targeted PCR for Rickettsia detection, and showed that Northern and Southern California fleas had similar overall microbiomes despite regional differences in specific bacterial taxa. Cited 35 times, the study has contributed to subsequent research on cat flea vector biology, flea microbiomes, pathogen and endosymbiont interactions, and genomic approaches to surveillance of flea-borne zoonotic diseases.
As senior and corresponding author, I secured the funding and provided the scientific vision for this study, transforming an important diagnostic gap into a focused effort to develop a sensitive, species-specific molecular platform. I conceived and directed the project, mentored the research team, and provided the overarching scientific and quality-control leadership that carried the work from assay development and validation through interpretation, presentation, and publication. I mentored veterinary student Dennis Chan, Master’s Degree student Joseph Geiger, and postdoc Elton Vasconcelos in this study.
This methodological study addressed an important diagnostic limitation in Bartonella rochalimae detection, which previously relied largely on genus-level PCR followed by sequencing and could miss infections when multiple Bartonella species were present. It developed and validated three species-specific PCR assays, while also generating products suitable for phylogenetic analysis. Cited 6 times, the study has contributed to subsequent work on B. rochalimae epidemiology, reservoir identification, molecular surveillance, and development of improved diagnostic approaches for canine and zoonotic vector-borne infections.
I conceived and designed this study to address an important uncertainty in the molecular diagnosis and prediction of feline infectious peritonitis. I secured the funding that supported the work, and provided close mentorship to first author Eric Fish from his veterinary student training through subsequent advanced research training. I provided the overarching scientific direction for the molecular and phylogenetic work, interpretation of the findings, and development and revision of the manuscript through publication.
This original study was the first U.S. field epidemiologic investigation to compare feline coronavirus viremia with active viral replication in peripheral blood of healthy shelter cats using quantitative molecular assays. It demonstrated that FCoV viremia and extraintestinal viral replication can occur in clinically healthy cats without subsequent development of FIP, providing important evidence that detection of circulating FCoV alone has limited diagnostic and prognostic value for this complex disease. Cited 39 times, the study has informed subsequent FIP diagnostic guidelines and reviews by helping establish that detection of FCoV RNA or replication in blood cannot, by itself, reliably diagnose or predict FIP.
In this multi-institutional collaboration among three U.S. universities, I helped define the study design and led the molecular diagnostic component used to establish and monitor Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. I ensured the accuracy and interpretation of the molecular findings and brought my perspective as a clinician researcher to the Results, Discussion, and overall clinical interpretation of treatment response.
This prospective clinical study addressed an important question in canine granulocytic anaplasmosis: whether the recommended 28-day course of doxycycline reliably resolves naturally acquired infection and prevents detectable persistence. This study strengthened the evidence base for how veterinarians diagnose, treat, and monitor affected dogs in clinical practice. Cited 23 times, it has remained relevant to subsequent reviews, diagnostic recommendations, and clinical studies of canine anaplasmosis, helping shape contemporary guidance on treatment response, pathogen persistence, and appropriate use of molecular testing.
In this international collaboration among UNICAMP-Brazil, WesternU, Johns Hopkins, NCSU, and Ross University, I brought my expertise in molecular diagnosis of vector-borne diseases to strengthen the study’s diagnostic strategy and analytical rigor. I mentored and supervised the molecular work and led the data analysis and interpretation that shaped the Results, Discussion, and overall conclusions of the manuscript. I mentored Marina Drummond during this study.
This methodological study addressed a major diagnostic limitation in bartonellosis by showing that reliance on a single PCR or specimen can substantially underestimate bloodstream infection. By demonstrating that combining blood, enrichment culture, and complementary PCR approaches increased detection, it provided strong evidence that diagnostic strategy can fundamentally alter both individual test interpretation and epidemiologic estimates. Cited 55 times, the study has influenced subsequent work on Bartonella diagnostics, feline reservoir epidemiology, zoonotic surveillance, and the development of more sensitive multistep testing approaches in veterinary and human medicine.
As senior and corresponding author, I conceived and directed this international study, secured the support needed to carry it forward, and brought together collaborators across multiple U.S. and Peruvian institutions. I provided scientific leadership throughout the project and mentored four members of the research team, guiding the molecular, epidemiologic, and bioinformatic work and its interpretation. I oversaw the integration of these findings into the manuscript and directed its development and revision through publication. I mentored Joseph Geiger, Bridget Morton, Elton Vasconcelos and Maryam Tngrian in this study.
This original study advanced understanding of Ehrlichia canis from a globally important canine pathogen toward recognition of its genetic diversity and potential zoonotic significance. It also strengthened the molecular framework for strain-level surveillance by demonstrating the greater discriminatory value of TRP36 compared with commonly used genetic targets, supporting more refined investigation of transmission, geographic diversity, and zoonotic risk. Cited 21 times, the study has contributed to subsequent research on E. canis genotypic diversity, emerging Ehrlichia strains, molecular epidemiology, and One Health surveillance in Latin America and other endemic regions.
In this collaboration, I contributed my expertise in molecular detection and analysis of microbial communities to strengthen the study’s methodological rigor and interpretation. I oversaw the quality of the molecular methods, critically reviewed the statistical analyses and presentation of the data, and contributed scientific guidance and revisions across the manuscript. I mentored postdoc Elton Vasconcelos in this study.
This original study was among the early investigations to use high-throughput sequencing to examine how commercial production conditions shape the chicken gut microbiome, establishing season and early-life environment as important determinants of microbial community structure. By connecting microbiome variation with poultry husbandry, performance, and food-safety questions, it helped broaden microbiome research toward evidence-based management and targeted interventions. Cited 52 times, the study has informed subsequent research on poultry microbiome dynamics, environmental and heat-stress effects, productivity, antimicrobial alternatives, and strategies to improve intestinal health and sustainable production.
As the expert in Bartonella detection, I oversaw all diagnostic aspects of this case report. I provided one-on-one mentorship to the PhD student Marina Drummond and veterinary student Stanley Sowy throughout the study and ensured optimal quality control of the results. I performed the phylogenetic analysis and generated the corresponding figure, contributed to data interpretation and manuscript development, and participated in revisions.
This clinical report documented persistent Bartonella henselae infection in an immunocompetent child with recurrent lymphadenopathy over several years despite prolonged and diverse antimicrobial therapies. The report has subsequently contributed to the literature on persistent bartonellosis, atypical cat-scratch disease, molecular diagnosis, and the clinical significance of B. henselae strain diversity.
As senior author and clinician scientist, I designed the study and provided close mentorship to resident Dustin Schmid throughout the project. I was primarily responsible for the statistical analyses, and I contributed extensively to interpretation of the clinical findings, manuscript development, and revisions through publication.
This retrospective clinical study characterized isoniazid toxicosis in dogs and provided clinically useful estimates of the doses associated with seizures and death. It demonstrated that seizures could occur at doses as low as 19.8 mg/kg and, importantly, that dogs receiving intravenous pyridoxine were approximately 29 times more likely to survive, providing strong clinical evidence for prompt antidotal treatment. Cited 11 times, the study has remained a reference for veterinary toxicology and subsequent clinical guidance on recognition, prognosis, and emergency treatment of isoniazid poisoning in dogs.
In this collaboration between my laboratory at WesternU and the California Department of Public Health, I provided one-on-one mentorship to veterinary student Lindsey Jett and jointly generated the molecular diagnostic data, including the molecular and phylogenetic analyses. I was also responsible for the statistical analyses, development and presentation of the results, and preparation of the figures, and contributed substantially throughout manuscript development and revision. I am the senior author in this publication.
This original study investigated why flea-borne rickettsioses in California are concentrated in Southern California despite the widespread presence of cat fleas throughout the state. It showed that Rickettsia felis was actually detected at a higher rate in the nonendemic areas, while R. typhi was not detected, demonstrating that R. felis prevalence alone could not explain the geographic distribution of human disease and identifying two additional R. felis-like genotypes requiring further investigation. Cited 38 times, the study has contributed to subsequent research and reviews on flea-borne rickettsioses, Rickettsia felis ecology, emerging rickettsial species, and the epidemiology of flea-associated human disease in California and internationally.
As first/senior author, I conceived and designed this study and led its intellectual development from formulation of the epidemiologic questions through analysis and interpretation of the findings. I was responsible for assembling and analyzing the epidemiologic data, performing the statistical analyses, developing the results and conclusions, and writing and revising the manuscript through publication. I mentored the PhD students Luiza Pitassi and Marina Drummond and the veterinary student Stanley Sowy during this study.
This original study identified risk factors for active Bartonella bloodstream infection in asymptomatic human blood donors, extending previous work that had demonstrated bacteremia in this population. Multivariate analysis showed that cat contact and a history of tick bite were independently associated with approximately three- to fourfold greater odds of infection, strengthening evidence for animal and arthropod exposures in Bartonella epidemiology while highlighting implications for blood donor screening. Cited 42 times, the study has informed subsequent research and reviews on human bartonellosis, zoonotic transmission, blood safety, diagnostic screening, and the One Health epidemiology of Bartonella infection.
As corresponding author, I helped establish and coordinate the international collaboration among UNICAMP Medical School, WesternU, Johns Hopkins, NCSU, and the CDC, and secured support that enabled the study. I led the transfer of molecular diagnostic technology from the United States to Brazil and oversaw the quality control of PCR assays and DNA sequencing. I performed phylogenetic characterization and was responsible for integrating and presenting these findings and preparing and revising the manuscript for publication. I mentored the PhD student Gislaine Vieira-Damiani.
This clinical report provided the first molecular documentation of Bartonella clarridgeiae bacteremia in a human, extending prior evidence that had been based largely on serologic exposure. Detection in an asymptomatic repeat blood donor demonstrated that clinically silent infection could occur and raised an important transfusion medicine concern. Cited 29 times, the report has contributed to subsequent research and reviews on human and veterinary bartonellosis, asymptomatic bacteremia, blood donor screening, and the zoonotic and transfusion-related significance of Bartonella infections.
In this collaboration between UC Davis and WesternU, I led the quantitative molecular component, mentoring the veterinary student Kaitlin Burgos and scientist Hannah Mirrashed in performing the real-time PCR assays used to measure Bartonella henselae bacteremia and ensure the accuracy of pathogen quantification. I was also responsible for the statistical analyses, organization and presentation of the results, including tables and figures, and contributed substantially to interpretation of the findings and manuscript revisions.
This experimental study addressed whether maternal immunity protects young kittens against subsequent Bartonella henselae infection. It showed that kittens born to infected queens were largely protected against the same strain but remained highly susceptible to infection with a genetically different strain of the same genotype, demonstrating the strain-specific nature of protective immunity and reinforcing the importance of flea control in queens and young kittens. Cited 6 times, the study has contributed to subsequent research on feline bartonellosis, maternal immunity, strain diversity, and prevention of zoonotic Bartonella transmission.
As corresponding author, I played a central role in conceiving and designing this international study, securing research support, and building the collaborations linking UNICAMP, WesternU, Johns Hopkins, NCSU, and the CDC. I led the transfer and implementation of molecular diagnostic methods between the U.S. and Brazil, mentored the graduate and veterinary students involved, oversaw PCR quality control and DNA sequencing, performed phylogenetic analyses, and contributed extensively to data interpretation, manuscript preparation, and revisions. I mentored the PhD students Luiza Pitassi and Marina Drummond and the veterinary student Stanley Sowy during this study.
This original study provided the first large-scale culture and molecular documentation of Bartonella bloodstream infection in asymptomatic human blood donors. It demonstrated that serology poorly predicted active infection and raised an important transfusion medicine concern because apparently healthy donors could harbor B. henselae or B. clarridgeiae at the time of donation. Cited 115 times, the study has remained influential in subsequent research and reviews on human bartonellosis, blood donor screening, diagnostic methods, transfusion-associated risk, and the broader One Health significance of Bartonella infection.
In this multi-institutional study, I contributed to the study design and to the organization, analysis, and presentation of this large longitudinal dataset on canine vector-borne disease exposure. I helped ensure the accuracy and interpretation of the results, including regional and temporal trends and co-exposures, and contributed substantially to the manuscript and its revisions prior to publication.
This original study addressed the limited availability of long-term surveillance data on canine vector-borne disease exposure across the United States. Using more than 14,000 canine samples collected over seven years, it demonstrated important regional and temporal variation in exposure to multiple pathogens and documented frequent co-exposures, supporting the value of dogs as sentinels for changing vector-borne disease risks. Cited 57 times, the study has informed subsequent research on canine and human vector-borne disease epidemiology, geographic risk patterns, co-exposures, and One Health surveillance in the United States.
As second author, I provided one-on-one mentorship to the first author, PhD student Cristina Pérez, throughout the study, from study design and diagnostic evaluation through data interpretation and manuscript development. I was solely responsible for the statistical analyses and generation of the results and tables, and I contributed substantially to interpreting the clinical significance of the findings, developing the Discussion, and revising the manuscript.
This original case-control study addressed the difficulty of recognizing Bartonella infection in sick dogs based on clinical and laboratory abnormalities alone. It showed that most findings overlapped with those of dogs suspected of other vector-borne diseases, highlighting both the diagnostic challenge and the importance of molecular confirmation. Cited 26 times, the study has informed subsequent research and reviews on canine bartonellosis, diagnostic testing, clinicopathologic manifestations, and the zoonotic significance of Bartonella infections.
As first and corresponding author, I initiated and led this international collaboration among multiple institutions in the United States and Peru and was responsible for the overall study design and scientific direction. I oversaw data generation and laboratory analyses, performed the data and phylogenetic analyses, developed the maps and presentation of the findings, and integrated the molecular, epidemiologic, and public health implications. I wrote the manuscript and managed its development and revisions through publication. I mentored the veterinary student Bridget Morton.
This original study provided the first molecular evidence of Bartonella infection in dogs in Peru and documented substantial exposure of asymptomatic dogs to the zoonotic species B. rochalimae and B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii. Genetic analyses linked the canine organisms closely to strains previously detected in humans and human fleas in Peru, supporting domestic dogs as potential reservoirs and epidemiologic sentinels and raising concern that people in these communities could be exposed to the same pathogens. Cited 47 times, the study has remained a reference for subsequent research on zoonotic Bartonella, canine reservoirs, vector-borne disease epidemiology, and One Health surveillance in Latin America.
In this collaboration with a clinical pharmacologist, I contributed my expertise as a clinician researcher to the clinical component of the study, including evaluation and monitoring of the cats before and during the experimental procedures and assistance with sample collection. I also contributed to data analysis, interpretation of the clinical implications, manuscript preparation, and revisions. I co-mentored K. V. Roderick with Dr. Buur on this project.
This experimental study provided the first pharmacokinetic characterization of N-acetylcysteine after oral and intravenous administration in cats, addressing the lack of species-specific data underlying veterinary dosing recommendations. It demonstrated that dosing regimens extrapolated directly from human medicine could result in inadequate drug exposure in cats and provided a pharmacologic basis for future feline treatment protocols. Cited 33 times, the study has informed subsequent research on N-acetylcysteine pharmacology, antioxidant and immunomodulatory applications, and therapeutic use in veterinary and comparative medicine.
As faculty mentor and corresponding author, I conceived and designed this study and provided one-on-one research mentorship to veterinary student Bridget Morton throughout the project. I trained and supervised her in the molecular methods, experimental optimization, and data interpretation, and guided and strengthened the manuscript through its revisions and publication.
This methodological study developed and validated a direct PCR approach for detecting Bartonella quintana in human and feline whole blood without prior DNA extraction. The assay achieved high analytical sensitivity while simplifying testing and reducing time, cost, sample loss, and opportunities for cross-contamination, providing an early proof of concept for more efficient molecular diagnosis of Bartonella infections. Cited 2 times, the study has contributed to subsequent literature on direct detection of blood pathogens.
Building on my earlier identification and genetic characterization of the novel Bartonella strain (Diniz et al., 2009), I provided the molecular expertise needed to establish that the organisms detected in Iraqi canids represented the same previously unrecognized lineage in Europe. I verified the DNA sequence comparisons, generated the phylogenetic analysis and tree, contributed to the genetic comparisons presented in the tables, and helped interpret and write the Results, Discussion, and manuscript revisions.
This original study formally characterized and proposed Candidatus Bartonella merieuxii as a new Bartonella species, linking infections in Iraqi dogs and jackals to the previously identified strain from European dogs (Diniz et al., 2009). It also provided the first detection of Bartonella infection in jackals and identified domestic dogs as a potential reservoir, raising important questions about zoonotic exposure in local populations and military personnel. Cited 54 times, the study has remained a reference for subsequent research on emerging Bartonella species, canine and wildlife reservoirs, molecular epidemiology, and zoonotic bartonellosis.
In this international collaboration, I led the molecular characterization, DNA sequence analysis, and phylogenetic studies to determine the infecting species and strains. I contributed substantially to the Methods and Results, including the tables and phylogenetic figure, and to the interpretation, discussion, and manuscript revisions.
This original study characterized Bartonella infections in cats from northeastern Brazil and provided the first evidence that the B. henselae Brazil-1 strain, previously identified in human and canine infections, also circulated in domestic cats. Multigene sequencing further demonstrated geographic circulation of genetically related B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae strains across widely separated regions of Brazil, strengthening understanding of cats as reservoirs of zoonotic Bartonella. Cited 44 times, the study has remained a reference for subsequent research on feline bartonellosis, molecular epidemiology, genetic diversity, and zoonotic Bartonella infections in Brazil.
I contributed my molecular diagnostic expertise to the detection and genetic characterization, including interpretation of sequence data used to confirm infection and treatment response. I also contributed to the scientific interpretation of the findings and reviewed and strengthened the manuscript through multiple revisions prior to publication.
This original study documented the re-emergence of Babesia conradae in southern California, more than two decades after its original description, and addressed the lack of an effective treatment for this potentially severe canine infection. It showed that atovaquone combined with azithromycin eliminated detectable B. conradae DNA in treated dogs, providing the first evidence of an effective therapeutic approach for this infection. Cited 72 times, the study has remained a reference for subsequent reviews and clinical guidance on canine babesiosis, molecular diagnosis, and treatment of small Babesia infections.
I provided one-on-one mentorship to the PhD student (Ayllón T) who conducted the molecular component of this international collaboration, teaching and overseeing the PCR methods, molecular data generation, sequence analysis, and interpretation. As second author, I contributed substantially to the results and clinical interpretation of the findings and helped develop and revise the manuscript throughout publication.
This original study provided one of the largest evaluations of feline vector-borne infections in Spain, demonstrating that 35% of 680 cats had evidence of exposure to at least one of five pathogens and that exposure to multiple agents was common. It also molecularly documented Leishmania infantum, Bartonella henselae, and B. clarridgeiae infections, including the first description of the two Bartonella species in cats from the Madrid area, highlighting the veterinary and zoonotic importance of cats in vector-borne disease surveillance. Cited 127 times, the study has informed subsequent research, reviews, and clinical recommendations on feline vector-borne diseases, leishmaniosis, bartonellosis, and the epidemiologic role of cats as potential reservoirs and sentinels.
As first author and primary investigator, I conceived and led this international investigation, integrating the clinical case with the molecular characterization of a newly recognized tick-borne pathogen. I designed the targeted PCR approach, performed the DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, generated the figures, deposited the sequence in GenBank, and wrote and managed the manuscript through publication. As a junior faculty, I served as corresponding author.
This clinical report provided the first documentation of Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis infection in a domestic animal, expanding the known host range of an emerging pathogen that had recently been associated with severe human disease. Molecular and phylogenetic evidence linked the canine sequence closely with human and tick sequences from Germany, supporting shared exposure to this emerging tick-borne pathogen. Cited 103 times, the report has remained a reference for subsequent research and reviews on Neoehrlichia, emerging tick-borne pathogens, molecular surveillance, and their One Health significance in Europe.
In this broad collaboration among Brazilian and U.S. experts, I contributed substantially to the conceptual framework, organization, and scientific scope of this comprehensive review of ehrlichiosis in Brazil. I helped integrate the pertinent literature about diagnostic, molecular, epidemiologic, clinical, and public health components, expanded the tables and figures, and contributed extensively to multiple sections of the manuscript and its revisions.
This comprehensive review consolidated the rapidly expanding evidence on Ehrlichia infections in dogs, cats, wildlife, and humans in Brazil, while highlighting important gaps in diagnosis, geographic surveillance, and identification of human infections. It provided an important framework for understanding ehrlichiosis as both a veterinary and emerging One Health concern. Cited 256 times, the review has remained a widely used reference for subsequent research on ehrlichiosis, tick-borne disease epidemiology, molecular surveillance, and public health in Brazil and internationally.
As the corresponding author, I contributed substantially to every aspect of this interdisciplinary review, from its conceptual design and framework through integration of the virologic, pathologic, diagnostic, and clinical evidence into practical recommendations for multicat environments. I helped develop comparative tables, secured clinical images, contributed my perspective as a clinician researcher throughout the manuscript, and participated extensively in writing and revision. I served as the corresponding author.
This comprehensive review integrated the rapidly evolving knowledge of feline coronavirus and feline infectious peritonitis with practical approaches to diagnosis, prevention, and outbreak management in shelters, catteries, and other multicat environments. It translated complex evidence on diagnostic testing and disease pathogenesis into clinically applicable guidance at a time when FIP remained difficult to diagnose and essentially fatal. Cited 181 times, the review has remained influential in subsequent FIP research, clinical reviews, and diagnostic publications, including the 2022 AAFP/EveryCat feline infectious peritonitis diagnosis guidelines.
I contributed to the study design, clinical record review, data organization and analysis, and interpretation of this large retrospective investigation of canine bartonellosis. I was solely responsible for the molecular diagnostics, phylogenetic analyses, and statistical analyses and contributed substantially to the Results and Discussion, integrating my expertise as a clinician researcher to interpret the diagnostic and clinical implications of the findings.
This original study demonstrated the diagnostic challenges and broad diversity of Bartonella infections in sick dogs, including infections with multiple species that were frequently missed by serology or direct PCR. It showed that enrichment culture substantially enhanced molecular detection and that many infected dogs lacked detectable antibodies, supporting the combined use of culture, PCR, and serology for diagnosis. Cited 125 times, the study has informed subsequent research and reviews on canine bartonellosis, improved molecular diagnosis, emerging Bartonella species, and their One Health and zoonotic significance.
In this collaboration among a Minnesota veterinary practice, IDEXX Laboratories, and NCSU, I led the molecular diagnostic component performed at NCSU and was responsible for the quality and accuracy of the molecular confirmation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. I contributed substantially to the Methods and Results and applied my expertise as a clinician researcher to the interpretation of the clinical and diagnostic findings in the Discussion and manuscript revisions.
This clinical case series expanded the recognized spectrum of canine granulocytic anaplasmosis beyond its typical presentation of fever and arthropathy to include neurologic dysfunction, cervical pain, gastrointestinal signs, and epistaxis. It also demonstrated that clinically affected dogs may be seronegative during acute infection and highlighted the complementary value of molecular testing, while documenting rapid clinical response to doxycycline in all cases. Cited 77 times, the study has remained a reference for practicing veterinarians and subsequent research on the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of canine granulocytic anaplasmosis.
In this international collaboration, I led the molecular diagnostic component performed at NCSU, with responsibility for the quality, accuracy, and interpretation of PCR results. I integrated the molecular findings with the broader diagnostic data, strengthened the results tables and Results section, and contributed my clinical expertise to interpreting the comparative diagnostic findings and their implications for practice.
This longitudinal study addressed the challenge of selecting and interpreting diagnostic tests for canine vector-borne diseases in naturally exposed young dogs, including coinfections. It demonstrated that PCR and cytology were particularly useful for detecting recent infections, whereas serology became more informative after seroconversion, supporting the complementary use of multiple tests by practicing veterinarians rather than reliance on a single diagnostic method. Cited more than 140 times, the study has remained an influential reference for the diagnosis of canine vector-borne infections.
In this multi-university collaboration, I directed the molecular diagnostic component performed at NCSU, including development and validation of the broadly reactive groEL PCR assay and responsibility for the accuracy and interpretation of all NCSU molecular testing. I also performed sequence analysis to confirm and characterize the molecular findings, including the Bartonella detected in brain tissue, and contributed this expertise to the Results and interpretation of the study.
This original study addressed whether vector-borne pathogens could be demonstrated directly in brain tissue or cerebrospinal fluid. This first large-scale study showed that Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Rickettsia, and Borrelia were unlikely to be common direct causes, while the detection of Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii in a dog with confirmed granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis identified an important area for further investigation. Cited more than 75 times, the study has remained a reference in veterinary neurology and subsequent investigations of infectious and vector-borne causes of canine central nervous system disease.
In this public-private collaboration, I led the molecular diagnostic work performed at NCSU, with responsibility for PCR testing and the quality and interpretation of the molecular results used to establish infection status. I integrated these findings with the serologic data, contributing to the evaluation of assay specificity and the clinical interpretation of the results.
This original study addressed the lack of a sensitive and specific serologic test for Ehrlichia ewingii, an important canine tick-borne pathogen that could not be cultured in vitro. It showed that peptide and truncated recombinant p28-based ELISAs specifically detected E. ewingii antibodies while avoiding cross-reactivity with E. canis seen with the full-length protein, providing a practical basis for more specific diagnosis and epidemiologic surveillance. Cited at least 24 times, the study has informed subsequent work on E. ewingii serodiagnosis, prevalence, and vector-borne disease surveillance in dogs.
As first author, I led all aspects of this study, from generation and interpretation of the molecular diagnostic data through integration of the epidemiologic findings and preparation for publication. I developed the GIS maps and results tables, wrote the entire manuscript, and managed all revisions and submissions through publication.
This original study was the first to investigate exposure to multiple vector-borne pathogens in domestic dogs in Arizona and their potential value as sentinels for human exposure. It documented a striking burden of infection and exposure on the Hopi Reservation, including active Ehrlichia canis infection in more than one-third of dogs and widespread exposure to spotted fever group rickettsiae, highlighting the public health importance of Rhipicephalus sanguineus in this region. Cited 85 times, the study has remained a reference for canine sentinel surveillance, tick-borne disease epidemiology, and the One Health implications of vector-borne infections in the southwestern United States.
Given my PhD in Clinical Sciences, I contributed to the conceptual design and diagnostic strategy of this international collaboration. I led the molecular diagnostic component performed at NCSU, with responsibility for the quality, accuracy, and interpretation of molecular results across multiple vector-borne pathogens, and integrated this expertise into several aspects of the manuscript and its revisions.
This original study evaluated whether ectoparasite prevention could protect young dogs against multiple vector-borne diseases under natural, highly endemic field conditions. It demonstrated more than a 90% reduction in overall disease incidence among treated dogs, including complete protection against Leishmania infantum, providing strong evidence that regular ectoparasiticide use can prevent infection rather than simply control vectors. Cited 142 times, the study has remained an influential reference for veterinarians and subsequent research on integrated prevention of canine vector-borne diseases.
In this international collaboration, I led the molecular diagnostic component performed at NCSU, including the genetic characterization that supported the etiologic diagnosis. I deposited the resulting sequences in GenBank for public access and future comparative studies and significantly contributed to the manuscript and its revisions.
This clinical report provided strong evidence that acute Ehrlichia canis infection can present with severe hepatitis as the predominant clinical manifestation, even before seroconversion and in the absence of many typical signs of canine ehrlichiosis. This study alerted veterinarians to include ehrlichiosis among the differential diagnoses for febrile dogs with hepatic disease in endemic areas. Cited 69 times, the report has remained a reference for the atypical clinical manifestations, hepatic involvement, and diagnosis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis.
In this clinical collaboration with a resident at the NCSU Veterinary Teaching Hospital, I contributed my combined clinical and molecular expertise to the diagnostic evaluation and interpretation of this unusual case. I performed the molecular diagnostic testing, including PCR and DNA sequencing, and contributed to the clinical interpretation, manuscript preparation, and revisions.
This clinical report documented the first successful antimicrobial treatment of Bartonella endocarditis in a domestic animal, a condition previously associated with poor outcomes in cats. Molecular confirmation of B. henselae, together with resolution of the valvular lesion and negative post-treatment enrichment culture and PCR, demonstrated that early recognition and targeted treatment could result in clinical and microbiological resolution. Cited 47 times, the report has remained a reference for veterinarians investigating feline endocarditis and the diagnosis and treatment of Bartonella-associated cardiovascular disease.
In this collaboration among Louisiana State University, IDEXX Laboratories, and NCSU, I led the molecular diagnostic component performed at NCSU, providing independent molecular assessment of infection status. Given my expertise in clinical sciences, I integrated these findings with the hematologic and serologic data to help interpret pathogen persistence, co-infection, and treatment response, and contributed substantially to the Results, Discussion, and manuscript revisions.
This experimental study demonstrated that simultaneous or sequential infection with Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis can alter disease expression, producing more severe hematologic abnormalities, altered immune responses, and greater persistence of infection than single infections. It also showed that doxycycline eliminated detectable E. canis infection even after subsequent immunosuppression, providing clinically important evidence for diagnosis and treatment of canine ehrlichiosis and co-infections. Cited 297 times, the study has informed veterinary practice guidelines and subsequent research on ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis, co-infection, and the broader health consequences of infection with multiple vector-borne pathogens.
In collaboration with NCSU Internal Medicine residents, I led the diagnostic investigation of two clinically complex dogs, performing the molecular characterization and integrating the serial laboratory findings with the clinical course. As first author, I compiled and interpreted the results, led preparation of the manuscript and revisions through publication, and coordinated the reporting of these unusual co-infections.
This clinical report was a case-based investigation confronting a persistent diagnostic challenge: conventional serology and routine blood culture frequently fail to detect Bartonella in dogs. Its most consequential contribution was the culture-based demonstration that both Bartonella henselae and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii could be co-isolated repeatedly from blood, joint, and seroma fluids of naturally infected dogs, even in seronegative animals and despite months of antibiotic therapy, establishing that absent antibodies cannot exclude infection and that specialized enrichment culture is needed to document organisms and assess treatment response. Cited 69 times, the work has become a durable reference informing canine bartonellosis prevalence surveys, the development of improved diagnostics, and broader recognition of dogs as sentinels for zoonotic Bartonella exposure.
In this international collaboration between investigators in Canada and North Carolina State University, I provided the molecular diagnostic expertise, performing and validating PCR testing for Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Bartonella spp. and ensuring the reliability and quality control of the molecular results. I contributed to interpretation and presentation of the findings, drafted portions of the Results and Discussion, and critically reviewed and revised the manuscript through publication.
This clinical report was a case series documenting acute granulocytic anaplasmosis in three dogs from Saskatoon, Canada. Its most consequential contribution was the confirmation, by PCR and neutrophil morulae, of locally acquired infection in dogs that had never left Saskatchewan, one carrying an attached I. scapularis tick that was itself PCR-positive for A. phagocytophilum, providing early clinical evidence that the pathogen and its vector were reaching provinces previously deemed too cold or non-endemic to sustain transmission. Cited 50 times, the work has become a durable reference contributing to the documentation of northward range expansion of the vector and pathogen across Canada and informing subsequent tick and canine seroprevalence surveillance efforts.
In this experimental study, I contributed to study design and molecular diagnosis of Bartonella infection and replication in tick cell cultures. I performed the statistical analyses, generated the quantitative growth charts, contributed substantially to interpretation and presentation of the results and other sections of the manuscript, and participated in revisions through publication.
This original study investigated the capacity of a tick cell line to support the growth of Bartonella species, addressing a critical knowledge gap regarding the potential for these fastidious bacteria to interact with and be transmitted by ticks. Given the contemporary scarcity of laboratory models for studying tick transmitted pathogens, the successful infection of an Amblyomma americanum cell line by multiple diverse Bartonella isolates represented a vital methodological advancement. This foundational cell culture system has underpinned ongoing research efforts to elucidate pathogen biology while providing a novel source of antigens for improved diagnostic and vaccine development.
In this multi-institutional case series involving dogs evaluated at NCSU, Auburn, and Tufts, I was responsible for the molecular diagnostic investigation of the reported cases. As a clinician, I contributed to interpretation of these findings in light of the clinical findings, manuscript preparation, and multiple rounds of revision through publication.
This study investigated whether occult Bartonella infections contribute to idiopathic cavitary effusions in dogs, addressing a diagnostic gap for patients with unexplained fluid accumulation. By utilizing an innovative liquid culture medium to overcome prior detection barriers, researchers provided the first definitive molecular evidence of Bartonella directly from these fluids. Cited 42 times, the publication broadened the recognized clinical spectrum of canine bartonellosis and established a crucial precedent for suspecting opportunistic infectious agents in otherwise unexplained veterinary pathologies.
In this international collaboration with investigators in Greece and Italy, I led and performed the molecular investigation of canine samples from those countries. As first author, I was responsible for literature review, DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, integration and interpretation of the findings, and preparation and revision of the manuscript through publication.
This molecular epidemiological study investigated the prevalence of Bartonella infections in dogs from Greece and Italy, addressing a critical geographic knowledge gap regarding the distribution of these vector-borne pathogens in southern Europe. Given the limited contemporary data on regional pathogen diversity, the documentation of Bartonella rochalimae in Europe and the identification of a potentially novel Bartonella strain significantly expanded the known spectrum of canine infectious agents. Cited 61 times, the publication underscored the global dispersal of diverse Bartonella species and cemented the role of domestic dogs as vital environmental sentinels for tracking emerging zoonotic threats.
I contributed extensively to the literature review and drafted sections of this comprehensive review. Drawing on my experience with the 16S rRNA gene, DNA sequence analysis, and phylogenetic approaches, I helped broaden and deepen the manuscript's scientific coverage, contributed to the development of its tables and figure, and participated actively in all rounds of manuscript revision prior to publication.
This review synthesized the expanding clinical use of broad range 16S rDNA PCR for diagnosing bacterial infections, including its applications when conventional culture methods were unsuccessful, while critically addressing limitations in contamination control and interpretation of detected bacterial sequences. At a time when this molecular approach was becoming increasingly relevant to clinical microbiology, the review integrated evidence across human and veterinary medicine and proposed a practical decision framework for distinguishing potentially pathogenic organisms from contaminants. Cited more than 160 times, the article has remained a reference for subsequent work addressing the clinical application and interpretation of broad range 16S PCR and sequencing.
I performed all molecular diagnostic testing in this study and was responsible for the quality and accuracy of the molecular results. I also contributed substantially to manuscript preparation, particularly Methods and Results, expanded the results tables, and helped interpret the data by integrating my clinical expertise in the discussion and conclusions.
This original study addressed an important clinical question: whether a positive antibody screening result reliably indicated active infection requiring treatment. The study showed that although the majority of dogs were seroreactive by immunofluorescence, only 14% had detectable Ehrlichia DNA, supporting confirmatory testing rather than treatment based on screening alone. Cited more than 29 times, the study has continued to inform veterinarians and subsequent literature on the interpretation of ehrlichial serology and the complementary use of serologic and molecular testing in canine ehrlichiosis.
As a postdoctoral researcher in the Vector-Borne Disease Diagnostic Laboratory at NCSU, I was primarily responsible for the molecular diagnostic and DNA sequence analyses that supported identification and characterization of the Bartonella infections described in this investigation. I ensured the quality and interpretation of these molecular findings and contributed to multiple aspects of the manuscript through its development and revision for publication.
This translational case investigation drew attention to the potential for persistent and diagnostically challenging Bartonella infections to contribute to complex neurologic and systemic disease in humans. The repeated detection of a previously uncharacterized rodent-associated Bartonella sequence together with viable B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii broadened concerns about wildlife-associated zoonotic transmission, persistent infection, and limitations of conventional diagnosis and treatment. Cited 45 times, the publication has contributed to subsequent research on emerging rodent-associated Bartonella, chronic bartonellosis, molecular diagnosis, and the value of a One Health approach to emerging infectious diseases.
I adapted Dr. Kidd’s conventional PCR assay to a real-time PCR platform and was responsible for developing and validating the resulting molecular assay, including laboratory optimization and quality-control testing. I also tabulated and analyzed the results, generated the study figures, and contributed to manuscript preparation and critical revision through publication.
This original study developed conventional and real time PCR assays targeting ompA to address the lack of sensitive tests that could both detect Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia in canine blood and distinguish infecting species. At a time when acute serology could be negative and available canine PCR assays lacked established sensitivity and species discrimination, it demonstrated detection of rickettsial DNA before seroconversion. Cited 139 times, the work has become a durable reference supporting the validation and refinement of molecular diagnostics, canine surveillance, and the detection and characterization of emerging Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia.
In this collaborative field study involving IDEXX Laboratories, a Minnesota veterinary practice, and North Carolina State University, I was primarily responsible for performing the molecular diagnostic tests for the targeted tick-borne pathogens and ensuring assay performance through appropriate quality-control and validation procedures. I also contributed to data interpretation and preparation of the results, and critically reviewed and revised the manuscript through publication.
This original study addressed a regional gap in understanding the true co-occurrence and prevalence of important tick-transmitted canine pathogens. It was particularly significant because it paired antibody detection with PCR confirmation in dogs from a defined high-risk geography, documented substantial exposure and co-infection, and demonstrated the utility of dogs as sentinels for people. Cited 229 times, the work has become a durable reference informing subsequent large-scale canine seroprevalence and surveillance studies, the validation of in-clinic multiplex ELISA screening assays, and broader efforts to map the geographic expansion of Ixodes-borne pathogens across North America.
As first author and PhD investigator, I conceived and led this study from its initial design through publication, including securing project funding, recruiting and sampling dogs, performing and coordinating diagnostic and cardiac biomarker testing, and managing the resulting data. I was primarily responsible for statistical analysis, interpretation and integration of the clinical and laboratory findings, preparation of figures and tables, manuscript drafting, and revisions through publication.
This original study was a large, prospectively enrolled clinical investigation that used a sensitive cardiac biomarker together with electrocardiography and echocardiography to address a long-standing uncertainty in veterinary internal medicine, namely whether the well-known multisystemic disease meaningfully injures cardiomyocytes in naturally infected patients rather than only in experimental models complicated by possible coinfection. Its significance at publication lay in providing the first controlled evidence, screened against ten coexisting vector-borne agents, that acute infection was an independent risk factor for myocardial injury. Cited 114 times, the work has become a foundational reference for subsequent experimental and naturally occurring studies of cardiac troponin in this disease, for broader investigation of cardiac biomarkers across canine vector-borne and protozoal infections, and for reviews framing troponin as an objective measure of myocardial involvement in systemic canine illness.
In this international collaboration between investigators in Greece and North Carolina State University, I was the NCSU investigator primarily responsible for molecular evaluation of Ehrlichia canis and Bartonella spp. coinfections, including interpretation and validation of the diagnostic results. I contributed to development of the Results section and critically reviewed and revised the manuscript through the peer-review and publication process.
This original study was a controlled clinical investigation tackling a question that had long puzzled practitioners in endemic Mediterranean regions: why does epistaxis, a common yet incompletely understood presenting sign of canine leishmaniasis, actually occur? Against a literature that had largely attributed the nosebleeds to impaired platelet function or vasculitis alone, its most consequential contribution was reframing epistaxis as multifactorial, anchored by the first documentation of increased serum viscosity driven by hyperglobulinemia acting alongside thrombocytopathy and nasal mucosal ulceration. Cited 96 times, the work has become a durable reference informing reviews of the pathologic mechanisms behind the clinical signs of canine leishmaniasis, subsequent investigation of hemostatic dysfunction and dysproteinemia-associated hyperviscosity, and diagnostic evaluations that rank epistaxis among the findings most predictive of Leishmania infantum infection.
As first author and PhD researcher, I planned the study design and secured project funding. I coordinated and personally performed the laboratory testing, collected the study data, analyzed and interpreted the molecular findings, and had primary responsibility for interpreting and integrating the results, drafting the manuscript, and leading revisions through publication. The laboratory PI served as corresponding author.
This original study determined the serological and molecular prevalence of Bartonella infection in sick dogs from Brazil, filling a gap at a time when no serological or molecular evidence of canine Bartonella infection existed in any South American country. Its significance lay in providing the first Brazilian DNA sequences of B. henselae and B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, the first isolation of Bartonella from dogs in South America, and the first documentation of co-infection with two Bartonella species in a single dog, alongside evidence linking infection to myocardial disease. Cited more than 220 times, this work has become a foundational reference for canine bartonellosis epidemiology and for recognizing dogs as hosts of zoonotically relevant Bartonella species in Latin America.
In this multi-institutional study, I was the North Carolina State University investigator primarily responsible for molecular diagnosis of blinded samples, performing and interpreting PCR testing for Ehrlichia canis. I also performed statistical analyses, generated figures and tables, integrated the molecular findings with the clinical results, and contributed substantially to data interpretation, manuscript preparation, and revisions through publication. The first author served as corresponding author.
This experimental study tested whether doxycycline could eliminate Ehrlichia canis from the blood and tissues of dogs during chronic infection, addressing lingering uncertainty from prior reports that the organism persisted despite doxycycline being the standard-of-care treatment for canine ehrlichiosis. Its significance lay in providing rigorous, molecularly confirmed evidence, using PCR of blood and multiple tissues in two independent blinded laboratories plus dexamethasone-induced recrudescence challenge, at a time when treatment failures and undefined optimal durations left clinicians without clear guidance. Cited more than 100 times, this work has become a key reference underpinning doxycycline dosing and duration recommendations for canine monocytic ehrlichiosis and reinforcing PCR-based confirmation of therapeutic clearance.
In this methodological study, I collaborated closely with the first author in analyzing and interpreting genetic data of non-Bartonella bacteria and expanding the literature on 16S rRNA-based bacterial identification and microbial diversity. I contributed to the genetic alignments, intellectual interpretation of the results, drafted portions of the manuscript, and participated in critical revisions through publication. The laboratory PI served as corresponding author.
This original study extended the utility of BAPGM, an insect-based liquid pre-enrichment medium originally engineered to recover the fastidious intracellular pathogen Bartonella to characterize other bacteria from human blood and tissue samples. At a time when the possibility that healthy or chronically ill people harbor culture-elusive bacteremia was only beginning to be explored, the work demonstrated that a specialized enrichment medium could yield a phylogenetically diverse array of organisms, including previously non-cultured and novel taxa. Cited more than 50 times and inspiring a body of downstream broad-range 16S rDNA methodology reviews and clinical reports, this work endures as an early proof of concept that fastidious-organism enrichment media can broaden the reach of culture-based diagnostic microbiology for occult and polymicrobial infections.
I initiated and established this international collaboration between UNICAMP - Brazil and North Carolina State University and served as the NCSU investigator primarily responsible for molecular testing of the HIV-positive patient samples for Bartonella species, including DNA amplification, sequencing, and validation of the results. I interpreted the molecular findings, drafted the corresponding results for the manuscript, and contributed to manuscript revision and responses during peer review.
This case report documented Bartonella henselae infection in an HIV/AIDS patient who presented with bacillary angiomatosis alongside severe anemia, panserositis (peritonitis, pleuritis, and pericarditis), and cryptogenic hepatitis, addressing the diagnostic gap posed by culture- and serology-negative bartonellosis in profoundly immunocompromised hosts. At a time when the systemic reach of B. henselae beyond classic bacillary angiomatosis was underappreciated, the work combined electron microscopy of intraerythrocytic bacilli with multigene PCR to characterize for the first time in humans a B. henselae strain from Brazil that proved 100% homologous to an isolate from a sick Brazilian dog, reinforcing the zoonotic link and yielding a favorable response to clarithromycin. Cited more than 30 times, this report endures as an early reference establishing that bartonellosis belongs in the differential of unexplained fever and other atypical presentations in immunodeficient patients, and it seeded subsequent investigations into transfusion-transmitted Bartonella infection.
As first author and PhD investigator, I led the design and execution of this multi-pathogen sentinel surveillance study, including securing project funding, coordinating sample collection in Brazil, conducting and coordinating laboratory testing, and analyzing and interpreting the resulting epidemiologic and molecular data. I had primary responsibility for integrating the findings, preparing figures and tables, drafting the manuscript, and leading revisions through publication.
This original study was the first to utilize sick dogs as sentinels for multiple vector-borne zoonotic pathogens simultaneously across southeastern Brazil, addressing the gap in regional risk data for human exposure in a country where such surveillance infrastructure was limited. Its most striking contribution was linking a highly prevalent Brazilian canine Ehrlichia canis strain to the agent of human ehrlichiosis previously reported in Venezuela, flagging E. canis as a plausible and likely underdiagnosed human health hazard in the region. Cited more than 80 times, this work stands as a formative reference for the One Health sentinel-surveillance approach in South America, informing subsequent Brazilian and broader Latin American investigations into canine and human vector-borne disease epidemiology.
As a PhD student with expertise in cardiac biomarkers, I led the diagnostic evaluation of two cardiac-trauma cases managed by residents in the cardiology service, using CK-MB and cardiac troponin I for diagnosis and subsequent monitoring during treatment. I compiled and interpreted the clinical, electrocardiographic, and laboratory findings. As first author, I performed the data analysis, generated the figures, drafted the manuscript, and led its development through publication.
This clinical report described two dogs with blunt thoracic trauma from vehicular collision in which serial cardiac troponin I and CK-MB confirmed and quantified traumatic myocardial injury at a time when cardiac contusion still had no reliable diagnostic "gold standard." Its novelty was to take cardiac biomarkers still largely confined to research settings and apply them to frontline clinical diagnosis, tracking the severity and resolution of myocardial injury throughout antiarrhythmic therapy. Cited more than 40 times, this report endures as early proof of clinical utility that helped move troponin I from an experimental tool toward routine small-animal cardiology practice and shaped later veterinary work on these markers across traumatic, infectious, and toxicological myocardial disease.
I recognized the unusual clinical presentation as publication-worthy and led the development of the case report from initial concept through preparation of the manuscript. As first author, I synthesized the clinical findings and literature, drafted and revised the manuscript, and coordinated the publication process through acceptance. I was not the corresponding author.
This scientific communication reports an unusual double intussusception in a dog, notable because contrast radiography and endoscopy missed it (the lumen stayed patent) and laparotomy revealed a second intussusception nested within the first, without necrosis, permitting full recovery after resection. Its teaching value for the Brazilian small animal community lies in showing that intussusception can occur without luminal obstruction or necrosis, delivered through an accessible Portuguese-language journal for practitioners who rely on exploratory surgery rather than costly advanced imaging.
As the clinician primarily responsible for the case, I recognized its publication value and led development of the case report, including synthesis of the clinical and neurologic findings, literature review, and preparation and revision of the manuscript. I also documented the key clinical findings photographically and helped select, organize, and annotate the clinical, radiographic, and cytologic images used in the publication.
This case report documents a rare feline squamous cell carcinoma invading the tympanic bulla in a 5-year-old cat. Its novel contribution is the previously unreported involvement of the XII (hypoglossal) cranial nerve, producing lingual hemiparalysis without the vestibular signs typical of prior cases, alongside a comparative table situating the case against the few reports in the international literature. For Brazilian practitioners it delivers a practical, Portuguese-language reminder to include squamous cell carcinoma in the differential for feline otopathies and to rely on radiography and fine-needle cytology, affordable tools well suited to routine local practice where radiotherapy access is limited.
Collaborated closely with the primary author in the clinical evaluation and interpretation of this complex case and contributed to development of the case report. I also contributed to manuscript preparation, selection and organization of illustrative material, and critical revision through publication.
This case report describes a dog in which a mediastinal lymphoma produced supravalvular aortic stenosis, an uncommon mechanism given that mediastinal masses far more often compress right-sided outflow or the cranial vena cava rather than the aortic outflow tract. Its instructive value lies in documenting that a hematopoietic tumor can mimic a congenital or fixed structural obstruction hemodynamically, reinforcing echocardiography as the key tool to distinguish extrinsic tumor compression from primary valvular disease and to include mediastinal neoplasia in the differential for a new outflow murmur. Published in a Spanish-language journal, it broadens access to this rare presentation for small animal practitioners across Latin America who work outside referral cardiology settings and rely on this kind of clinically oriented literature.
Participated in the clinical investigation of moxidectin monotherapy for canine demodicosis, contributing to study design, implementation and evaluation of the clinical cases, and interpretation of the findings. I also contributed to manuscript preparation and critical revision through publication.
This clinical study was one of the early investigations into using moxidectin as a standalone therapy for canine demodicosis, contributing formative evidence that oral moxidectin could serve as an effective alternative to the amitraz dips and ivermectin regimens that dominated practice at the time. Coming at a point when the macrocyclic lactone options for this disease were still being defined, its practical value rests in supporting a single-drug oral protocol for a chronically frustrating condition, an approach that later comparative work continued to validate. By presenting this early option in the Portuguese-language Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, the report made a lower-cost, orally administered treatment more visible to Brazilian practitioners managing demodicosis in general practice, where affordability and ease of administration strongly influence protocol selection.
I contributed to the design and conduct of this prospective longitudinal study, including clinical monitoring and husbandry of the study dogs, collection of experimental data, and interpretation of study findings. I also drafted and revised portions of the manuscript and contributed to multiple rounds of revision through publication.
This study provided an integrated hematologic characterization of vincristine sulphate toxicity in healthy dogs, addressing a gap in understanding how peripheral cytopenias correspond to changes at the level of the bone marrow. At a time when little literature had jointly examined the central and peripheral hematologic effects of this widely used agent, the work offered rare, direct evidence linking marrow cellularity to circulating blood changes in the dog. By clarifying the dose-dependent and fully reversible nature of these marrow effects, the study reinforced the biological rationale for low, repeated dosing schedules and for vincristine's paradoxical therapeutic use in canine thrombocytopenia.
As the clinician responsible for the case, I recognized the importance in sharing it with the scientific community. I compiled and interpreted the clinical and diagnostic findings, conducted the literature review, and drafted the manuscript. As first author, I led development of the case report and its integration with the veterinary and human toxicology literature.
This clinical report documented an acute fatal amphetamine poisoning in a dog after fenproporex ingestion, filling a gap in veterinary toxicology at a time when no fenproporex-induced cases existed and amphetamine-based anorectics were widely available in Brazil. Its significance lay in translating human poisoning management principles into a practical veterinary emergency framework for a stimulant intoxication then rarely described in animals. Having since been cited in roughly 20 subsequent works, including later case reports and reviews of amphetamine and ADHD-drug toxicosis in dogs and cats, this report established stimulant intoxication as a recognized and enduring clinical concern in companion animal medicine.
As an internal medicine resident, I was responsible for longitudinal clinical evaluation of the study dogs and performed the euthanasia procedures at the predefined study endpoints. I also contributed to data analysis and interpretation and critically reviewed and revised the manuscript through publication.
This experimental study established that a cortical allograft preserved in 98% glycerin, paired with low-cost castor oil polyurethane as bone cement, could reconstruct the radius in a canine limb-sparing model, filling the gap left by a technique previously restricted to centers with costly frozen bone banks. Coming when the procedure was largely unavailable in Brazil, it showed that glycerin preservation reduced antigenicity and maintained osteoinductive and osteoconductive capacity with bone callus by 60 days and remodeling by 90 to 150 days, all without rejection or infection. By validating inexpensive, easily stored materials, this work brought limb-sparing surgery within practical reach of Brazilian and Latin American veterinarians working outside specialized referral settings.
Contributed to the conceptualization and organization of this clinical review, conducted the literature review, and selected and interpreted representative ECG tracings for inclusion. I also verified antiarrhythmic treatment recommendations and dosages, drafted and revised multiple sections of the manuscript, and contributed to revisions through publication.
This technical review provided Brazilian veterinarians with a practical, Portuguese-language guide to recognizing and managing cardiac arrhythmias detected on the cardiac monitor during anesthetic and surgical procedures in dogs and cats, filling a gap for clinicians without access to specialty cardiology texts. Published in the official journal of the Federal Council of Veterinary Medicine, it paired annotated electrocardiographic tracings of each arrhythmia with likely causes and immediate treatment steps, including a consolidated table of antiarrhythmic drugs with commercial presentations, doses, and administration routes keyed to medications readily available and affordable in Brazilian clinics. By translating point-of-care arrhythmia recognition and rational drug selection into an accessible emergency-oriented format, this work reinforced everyday cardiovascular and anesthetic monitoring across routine small animal practice in Brazil.
Helped define the scope and clinical emphasis of the review, synthesized relevant literature, and contributed substantive content to multiple sections of the manuscript. I also assisted with selection and interpretation of illustrative clinical material and participated in critical revision of the article through publication.
This review compiled the knowledge on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of canine pericardial diseases into a Portuguese-language continuing education resource aimed at Brazilian small animal practitioners. Published in a journal devoted to ongoing professional education, it translates concepts into locally applicable guidance, extending specialty cardiology knowledge to clinicians. Its practical value lay in sharpening clinical suspicion, guiding echocardiographic recognition, and informing intervention decisions at the point of care, using diagnostic and treatment strategies feasible within the resource and economic constraints of routine Brazilian practice at that time.
Contributed to the conceptualization, scope, and organization of the review; drafted substantial portions of the manuscript and developed tables and figures; and participated in manuscript revision.
Synthesized contemporary diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to canine hyperadrenocorticism, including endocrine testing, differential diagnosis, and management of pituitary- and adrenal-dependent disease, in a clinically oriented Portuguese-language review for Brazilian veterinarians.
As a veterinary student researcher, I developed the cardiovascular component of an existing research project with mentorship from the senior investigator, conducted the literature review, contributed to study design, performed and interpreted all electrocardiographic evaluations, managed and analyzed the resulting data, and prepared the tables and manuscript. As first author, I led manuscript submission and revision through publication.
Diniz et al. conducted one of the earliest controlled, longitudinal studies to isolate vincristine's direct cardiovascular and myotoxic effects in dogs. They found that therapeutic doses produced no detectable cardiotoxicity or blood pressure change, whereas supratherapeutic dosing caused 100% mortality alongside a significant LDH rise that flagged LDH as an accessible early marker of toxicity. The study's enduring significance lies in confirming vincristine's cardiac safety at standard doses, defining the margin between efficacy and lethal overdose, and reinforcing routine ECG and enzyme surveillance in veterinary chemotherapy.
30 chapters in veterinary textbooks and education books, most recent first.
Tuskegee University College of Veterinary Medicine (AVMA Veterinary Educator Professional Development Grant)
Harvey Mudd College
Harvey Mudd College
DVM360 Vet Watch Update
Watch recording on dvm360 (opens in a new tab)North Carolina State University CVM
UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine
UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine
UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine
Association for Veterinary Informatics
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Purdue University CVM
AAVMC Catalyze Conference
NC State Academy of Educators
International Council for Veterinary Assessment (COCOA)
Texas A&M CVM
University of Wisconsin SVM
AAVMC Catalyze Conference
33 funded research grants and 17 funded student research scholarships, most recent first.